Growing Rare Fruit From Seed

John M. Riley

The information here was extracted with minor revisions from an article by John M. Riley that appeared in the 1981 CRFG Yearbook (vol. 13, 1981, pp.1-47). The full article contains important additional information on mechanisms of seed germination, propagation techniques, propagation media, container mixes and seed storage. See the back issue information for price and ordering information.

Seed Treatment Methods

Hot Water: This treatment consists of soaking the seed in hot water for a period of time. One procedure is to pour boiling water over the seed, using about four volumes of water to one volume of seed. The intent is a thermal shock which rapidly diminished to room temperature. Usually this is followed by moist cold storage. Most pathogens are destroyed at about 160° F (71° C). The treatment is a little tricky for home use, since most seed are killed at 178° F (81° C).
Sulfuric Acid Treatment: The acid attacks cellulose and is often recommended as a dramatic treatment for seed coat modification. For the home gardener, handling sulfuric acid may present some hazard.
Hydrogen Peroxide: This is commonly available in a 3% solution. It may be used in full strength for about 20 minute to disinfect seed and alter the seed coat. The peroxide may then be diluted in half with water and the seed soaked for up to 24 hours.
Sodium/Calcium Hypochlorite: This material is commonly available as ordinary laundry bleach. It effectively sterilizes and disinfects when used in a 10% solution. This can be prepared by added 1/4 cup bleach to 2 cups of water. Soak the seed for 20 minutes to sterilize and rinse thoroughly afterwards.
Alcohol and Other Solvents: Many volatile solvents, including grain alcohol have been mentioned as having an effect on seed germination. Quite possibly this results from softening waxy compounds in the seed coat which are not water soluble.
Gibberellin: Gibberellic acid promotes germination in many seeds. It also helps overcome the tendency for some seedling to become dwarfed and to grow slowly after the harsh treatment used to initiate germination. Seed may be soaked with concentration of 100 to 1,000 ppm for 24 hours.
Cytokinins: Natural growth hormones stimulate the germination of many kinds of seed by acting at the molecular level on biological processes. Many synthetic cytokinins are available from tissue culture supply houses, but since they must be kept at a low temperature to prevent decomposition, they are not available in garden supply centers. Soaking for three minutes in kinetin at concentration of 100 ppm has been recommended.
Ethylene: This gas occurs naturally in plants and has a number of biological effects, including the stimulation of seed germination. One of the chemicals available to gardener to generate ethylene is ethephon. Since gibberellins, cytokinins and ethylene are three dominant components in initiating germination, it is natural that they work best when applied together.
Potassium Nitrate: Many freshly harvested dormant seeds germinate better if soaked in a 0.2% potassium nitrate solution. Seeds should be soaked for no more than 24 hours and then rinsed well.
Thiourea: This has been used to stimulate germination of some dormant seeds, particularly those that do not germinate in darkness or at high temperatures. A water solution of 0.5 to 4% is recommended. Since thiourea is somewhat inhibitory to growth, the seeds should be soaked no longer than 24 hours and then rinsed well.
Vitamins: The most common vitamin supplement for plants is vitamin B1 (thiamine). Other vitamins of the B complex are also useful. Nicotinic acid (niacin) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) have all been recommended.
Willow Tea: A tea made from willow bark contains a substance that enhances the actions of plant hormones and appears to stimulate germination. Soaking seed in willow tea for 24 to 48 hours is suggested.

Procedures

The table that follows summarizes specific information useful for growing rare fruit from seed. Rare fruits (mostly those tried in California) are listed by their botanical names. Common names can be connected to their botanical names through the CRFG Fruit List.

Storage Life, in months, (assuming proper treatment) is listed in column two. The storage type (next column) is categorized as follows:

WTM--WARM TROPICAL MOIST

Seed should be maintained above 70° F (21° C) and not allowed to dry out before planting.

TI--TROPICAL INTERMEDIATE

Seed should be dried to about 70% of harvest weight and stored a temperature of about 40° F (4° C).

TD--TEMPERATE DRY

Seed should be dried to below 50% of harvest weight and stored at room temperature or preferably 40° F (4° C).

CM--COOL MOIST

Store seed with sufficient moisture to prevent drying out at about 40° F (4° C).

Dormancy Breaker, column four, indicates any special treatment to break dormancy. In each case the seed can profit from a 24-hour soaking before planting.

SC--SCARIFICATION

Seeds are made permeable to water by sanding, filing or nicking the seed coat.

R--SEED COAT REMOVAL

Carefully crack or remove outer seed coating.

SK--PRESOAK

Soak seed 24 hours before planting.

MC--MOIST CHILLING

After soaking 24 hours, pack the seed with moist sterile material and store for 30 to 60 days at 40° F (4° C).

ST--STRATIFY

Soak seed 24 hours and store moist for one or more seasons in the natural environment. Do not let seed dry out.

WMS--WARM MOIST STORAGE

After soaking 24 hours, store above 70° F (21° C). Plant soon.

CW--ALTERNATE COLD/MOIST TREATMENT

Soak seed for 24 hours and subject to periods of 40° F (4° C). Cycle several times if necessary.

Germination Period, column five, lists the time lapse between seedbed planting and emergence. Time required to break dormancy is not included. Times vary with cultivation and seed condition.

Hardiness (deg. F and C), column six. Values are approximate and are mostly taken from books which include the tropics, Florida and California. In a given situation, plant size, previous environment, health and chill factor can alter the response to a given temperature. There may also be significant differences in variants of the same species. The hardiness values listed are probably optimistic by about 5° F (2° C) for tropical fruit tree seedlings or young plants.

General Comments. A number following a symbol indicates the days of treatment required. A plus (+) after a number means the value may be exceeded. A temperature in parenthesis following the germination period indicates the minimum temperature (°F, °C) required for germination. The information on germination time is approximate and based largely on John Riley's personal experience.

CHARACTERISTICS OF RARE FRUIT PROPAGATION FROM SEED

Botanical
name Storage
life (mos.) Storage
type Dormancy
breaker Germination
days Hardiness
°F (°C)

Actinidia

     chinensis 12+ TD SC/CW 14-21 10 (-12)

     arguta 12+ TD SC/CW 14-21 -25 (-32)

     kolomikta 12+ TD SC/CW 14-21 -40 (-40)

Aegle

     marmelo 12+ TI SK/WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

Akebia

     quinata 24+ TD MC 14-21 25 (-4)

     trifoliata 24+ TD MC 14-21 25 (-4)

Amelanchier

     ainifoli 8 TD SC/MC 14-21 -50 (-45)

     canadensis 8 TD SC/MC 14-21 -30(-35)

     denticulatum 8 TD SC/MC 14-21 -10(-23)

Anacardium

     occidental 1 WTM SK 14-21 30 (-1)

Annona

     cherimola 24+ TD SK 14-21 26 (-3)

     purpurea 12+ TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     reticulata 12+ TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     squamosa 12+ TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Antidesma

     bunius 12+ TI SK 14-21 26 (-3)

     dallachyanum 12+ TI SK 14-21 26 (-3)

     platyphyllum 12+ TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Arbutus

     unedo 12-24 TD MC 30 15 (-10)

Artocarpus

     communis 1 WTM WMS 7-21 35 (3)

     integrifolia 1 WTM WMS 7-21 30 (-1)

     hypargyraeus 1 WTM WMS 7-21 30 (-1)

Asimina

     triloba 12+ CM SC/MC 30-90 -25 (-32)

Averrhoa

     bilimbi 6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     carambola 6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Billardia

     cymosa 24+ TD MC 14-21 0 (-12)

     scandens 24+ TD MC 14-21 0 (-12)

Blighia

     sapida 3 WTM WMS 7-21 30 (-1)

Carica

     goudotiana 24+ TD SK 14-30 28 (-2)

     monoica 24+ TD SK 14-30 28 (-2)

     papaya 24+ TD SK 14-30 30 (-1)

     pubescens 24+ TD SK 14-30 26 (-3)

     stipulata 24+ TD SK 14-30 28 (-2)

     toronchi 24+ TD SK 14-30 28 (-2)

Carissa

     carandas 12+ TI SK 16 24 (-5)

     edulis 12+ TI SK 16 26 (-3)

     macrocarpa 12+ TI SK 16 26 (-3)

Carya

     illinoiensis 36-48 TI MC 30 -10 (-23)

Casimiroa

     edulis 6 TI R/SK 14-21 24 (-5)

     tetrameria 6 TI R/SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Castanea

     dentata 8 CM MC 28 -10 (-23)

     pumila 8 CM MC 28 -10 (-23)

Ceratonia

     siliqua 60 TD SC 20-30 20 (-8)

Cereus

     peruvianus 36 TD light 3-14 26 (-3)

Chrysophyllum

     cainito 6 WTM WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

Citrus

     aurantifolia 12 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     aurantium 12 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     limon 12 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     maxima 12 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     mitis 12 TI SK 14-21 20 (-8)

     paradisi 12 TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

     reticulata 12 TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

     sinensis 12 TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

Clausena

     lansium 12 TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

Coccolaba

     uvifera 12 TD WMS 14-21 30 (-1)

Coffea

     arabica 6 CM WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

     liberica 6 CM WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

Cornus

     amonum 24+ TD CW 14-21 0 (-18)

     mas 24+ TD CW 14-21 0 (-18)

Corylus

     americana 12+ CM CW 10-30 -15 (-26)

     avellana 12+ CM CW 10-30 -15 (-26)

Crateagus

     aestivalis 24+ TD SC/MC 30-40 -15 (-26)

     pubescens 24+ TD SC/MC 30-40 -15 (-26)

Cudrania

     tricuspidata 36 TD SC/ST 14-21 -20 (-29)

Cydonia

     oblonga 8 CM MC 14-21 -15 (-26)

Cyphomandra

     betacea 24 TD SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Diospyros

     digyna 6 WTM SK/WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

     discolor 6 WTM SK/WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

     kaki 12+ TI SC/MC 14-21 0 (-18)

     virginiana 24-36 TD SC/MC 14-21 -10 (-23)

Dovyalis

     abyssinica 24+ TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

     caffra 24+ TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     hebecarpa 24+ TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Elaeagnus

     multiflora 24+ TI SK/MC 14-21 -10 (-23)

     philippensis 12+ TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

     pungaens 24+ TI SK/MC 14-21 0 (-18)

Eriobotrya

     japonica 8 days CM MC 14-21 12 (-11)

Eugenia

     aggregata 6 TI SK 14-21 20 (-8)

     brasilliensis 6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     luschnathiana 6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     uniflora 6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Euphoria

     longan 1 WTM WMS 16-30 24 (-4)

Feijoa

     sellowiana 24+ TI MC 14-21 14 (-10)

Feronia

     limonia 12 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Ficus

     carica 24+ TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

Flacourtia

     ramonchi 12+ TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Fortunella

     japonica 12 TI SK 14-21 10 (-12)

     margarita 12 TI SK 14-21 10 (-12)

Garcinia

     mangostana 1-2 WTM SK/WMS 14-21 40 (4)

     xanthochymus 2-4 WTM SK/WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

Gaultheria

     shallon 12 TD MC 30 0 (-18)

Gaylussacia

     frondosa 24+ TD CW 10-30 0 (-18)

     resinosa 24+ TD CW 10-30 0 (-18)

Gevuina

     avellana 6 CM WMS 14-21 10 (-12)

Harpyphyllum

     caffrum 24+ TI R 14-21 26 (-3)

Hibiscus

     sabariffa 36 TD SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Hovenia

     dulcis 24+ TD SC/MC 14-30 -10 (-23)

Inga

     paterno 6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Litchi

     chinensis 1 WTM WMS 16-30 28 (-2)

Macadamia

     integrifolia 24 TI SK 14-30 24 (-4)

     tetraphylla 24 TO SK 14-30 24 (-4)

Malphigia

     glabra 6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Mammea

     americana 2-4 WTM SK/WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

Mangiferum

     indica 2 WTM R/SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Manilkara

     zapota 24 TD SK 15-30 28 (-2)

Melicoccus

     bijugatus 3 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Morus

     alba 24+ TI SC/ST 14-21 -20 (-29)

     nigra 24+ TI SC/ST 14-21 0 (-18)

     rubra 24+ TI SC/ST 14-21 -10 (-13)

Muntingia

     calibura 12+ TI SK/WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

Musa

     balbisiana 12 TI SK/WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

Myrciaria

     cauliflora 6 TI SK 14-21 24 (-4)

Myrtus

     communis 24+ TD MC 14-21 25 (-4)

Passiflora

     alata 3-6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     edulis 3-6 TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

     laurifolia 3-6 TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

     ligularis 3-6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     molissima 3-6 TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

     quadrangularis 3-6 TI SK 14-21 32 (0)

Persea

     americana 4 WTM WMS 14-21 22-28 (-6, -2)
Pistachia

     vera 2-3 TI R/SK 14-21 10 (-12)

Pometia

     pinnata 6 WTM WMS 14-21 28 (-2)

Poncirus

     trifoliata 12-24 TI SK 14-21 0 (-18)

Pouteria

     campechiana 6 WTM WMS 14-21 30 (-1)

     sapota 6 WTM WMS 14-21 30 (-1)

     viride 6 WTM WMS 14-21 30 (-1)

Prunus

     salicifolia 24 TI SK 14-21 20 (-7)

Psidium

     cattleianum 12+ TI SK 14-21 25 (-4)

     guajava 12 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Punica

     granatum 36 TI MC 14-30 12 (-11)

Rhodomyrtus

     tomentosa 12 TI SK 14-21 26 (-3)

Ribes

     hirtellum 48+ TD MC 30 -30 (-35
     nigrum 48+ TD MC 30 -30 (-35)

     rubrum 48+ TD MC 30 -30 (-35)

     sativum 48+ TD MC 30 -30 (-35)

     uva-crispa 48+ TD MC 30 -30 (-35)
Rollinia

     deliciosa -- TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Sambucus

     caerulea 24+ TI SC/MC 30 -20 (-28)

     canadensis 24+ TI SC/MC 30 -20 (-28)

     racemosa 24+ TI SC/MC 30 -20 (-28)

Sandoricum

     koetjape 36 TD SK 14-21 26 (-3)

Shepherdia

     argentea 42+ TD SC/MC 30-60 -20 (-28)

Simmondsia

     chinensis 12+ TD SK 5-7 (78&176; F, 26&176; C) 15 (-10)

Solanum

     quitoense 24 TD SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     topiru 24 TD SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Sorbus

     aucuparia 24 TD MC 10-30 -20 (-28)

     domestica 24 TD MC 10-30 -10 (-23)

     terminalis 24 TD MC 10-30 -10 (-23)

Synsepalum

     dulcificum 1 WTM WMS 7-21 30 (-1)

Syzygium

     aromaticum 2-6 TI SK 14-21 32 (0)

     cumini 2-6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     jamabos 2-6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     malaccense 2-6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

     paniculatum 2-6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Tamarindus

     indica 6 TI SK 14-21 28 (-2)

Theobroma

     cacao 1 WTM SK 7-14 (80&176; F, 27&176; C) 30 (-1)

Ugni

     molinae 24+ TI SK 14-21 10 (-12)

Vaccinium

     angustifolium 120 TI MC 30 -20 (-28)

     ashei 120 TI MC 30 -10 (-23)

     corymbosum 120 TI MC 30 -20 (-28)

Vitis

     labrusca 24+ CM MC 20-30 -20 (-28)

     rotundifolia 24+ CM MC 20-30 -5 (-21)

     vinifera 24+ CM MC 20-30 -5 (-21)

Ziziphus

     jujuba 12-24 TD R/SK 14-21 -20 (-28)

     mauritiana 12-24 TD R/SK 14-21 20 (-7)

CHARACTERISTICS OF RARE FRUIT PROPAGATION FROM SEED
Botanical name	Storage life (mos.)	Storage type	Dormancy breaker	Germination days	Hardiness °F (°C)
Actinidia
chinensis	12+	TD	SC/CW	14-21	10 (-12)
arguta	12+	TD	SC/CW	14-21	-25 (-32)
kolomikta	12+	TD	SC/CW	14-21	-40 (-40)
Aegle
marmelo	12+	TI	SK/WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
Akebia
quinata	24+	TD	MC	14-21	25 (-4)
trifoliata	24+	TD	MC	14-21	25 (-4)
Amelanchier
ainifoli	8	TD	SC/MC	14-21	-50 (-45)
canadensis	8	TD	SC/MC	14-21	-30(-35)
denticulatum	8	TD	SC/MC	14-21	-10(-23)
Anacardium
occidental	1	WTM	SK	14-21	30 (-1)
Annona
cherimola	24+	TD	SK	14-21	26 (-3)
purpurea	12+	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
reticulata	12+	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
squamosa	12+	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Antidesma
bunius	12+	TI	SK	14-21	26 (-3)
dallachyanum	12+	TI	SK	14-21	26 (-3)
platyphyllum	12+	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Arbutus
unedo	12-24	TD	MC	30	15 (-10)
Artocarpus
communis	1	WTM	WMS	7-21	35 (3)
integrifolia	1	WTM	WMS	7-21	30 (-1)
hypargyraeus	1	WTM	WMS	7-21	30 (-1)
Asimina
triloba	12+	CM	SC/MC	30-90	-25 (-32)
Averrhoa
bilimbi	6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
carambola	6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Billardia
cymosa	24+	TD	MC	14-21	0 (-12)
scandens	24+	TD	MC	14-21	0 (-12)
Blighia
sapida	3	WTM	WMS	7-21	30 (-1)
Carica
goudotiana	24+	TD	SK	14-30	28 (-2)
monoica	24+	TD	SK	14-30	28 (-2)
papaya	24+	TD	SK	14-30	30 (-1)
pubescens	24+	TD	SK	14-30	26 (-3)
stipulata	24+	TD	SK	14-30	28 (-2)
toronchi	24+	TD	SK	14-30	28 (-2)
Carissa
carandas	12+	TI	SK	16	24 (-5)
edulis	12+	TI	SK	16	26 (-3)
macrocarpa	12+	TI	SK	16	26 (-3)
Carya
illinoiensis	36-48	TI	MC	30	-10 (-23)
Casimiroa
edulis	6	TI	R/SK	14-21	24 (-5)
tetrameria	6	TI	R/SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Castanea
dentata	8	CM	MC	28	-10 (-23)
pumila	8	CM	MC	28	-10 (-23)
Ceratonia
siliqua	60	TD	SC	20-30	20 (-8)
Cereus
peruvianus	36	TD	light	3-14	26 (-3)
Chrysophyllum
cainito	6	WTM	WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
Citrus
aurantifolia	12	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
aurantium	12	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
limon	12	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
maxima	12	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
mitis	12	TI	SK	14-21	20 (-8)
paradisi	12	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
reticulata	12	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
sinensis	12	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
Clausena
lansium	12	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
Coccolaba
uvifera	12	TD	WMS	14-21	30 (-1)
Coffea
arabica	6	CM	WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
liberica	6	CM	WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
Cornus
amonum	24+	TD	CW	14-21	0 (-18)
mas	24+	TD	CW	14-21	0 (-18)
Corylus
americana	12+	CM	CW	10-30	-15 (-26)
avellana	12+	CM	CW	10-30	-15 (-26)
Crateagus
aestivalis	24+	TD	SC/MC	30-40	-15 (-26)
pubescens	24+	TD	SC/MC	30-40	-15 (-26)
Cudrania
tricuspidata	36	TD	SC/ST	14-21	-20 (-29)
Cydonia
oblonga	8	CM	MC	14-21	-15 (-26)
Cyphomandra
betacea	24	TD	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Diospyros
digyna	6	WTM	SK/WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
discolor	6	WTM	SK/WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
kaki	12+	TI	SC/MC	14-21	0 (-18)
virginiana	24-36	TD	SC/MC	14-21	-10 (-23)
Dovyalis
abyssinica	24+	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
caffra	24+	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
hebecarpa	24+	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Elaeagnus
multiflora	24+	TI	SK/MC	14-21	-10 (-23)
philippensis	12+	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
pungaens	24+	TI	SK/MC	14-21	0 (-18)
Eriobotrya
japonica	8 days	CM	MC	14-21	12 (-11)
Eugenia
aggregata	6	TI	SK	14-21	20 (-8)
brasilliensis	6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
luschnathiana	6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
uniflora	6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Euphoria
longan	1	WTM	WMS	16-30	24 (-4)
Feijoa
sellowiana	24+	TI	MC	14-21	14 (-10)
Feronia
limonia	12	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Ficus
carica	24+	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
Flacourtia
ramonchi	12+	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Fortunella
japonica	12	TI	SK	14-21	10 (-12)
margarita	12	TI	SK	14-21	10 (-12)
Garcinia
mangostana	1-2	WTM	SK/WMS	14-21	40 (4)
xanthochymus	2-4	WTM	SK/WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
Gaultheria
shallon	12	TD	MC	30	0 (-18)
Gaylussacia
frondosa	24+	TD	CW	10-30	0 (-18)
resinosa	24+	TD	CW	10-30	0 (-18)
Gevuina
avellana	6	CM	WMS	14-21	10 (-12)
Harpyphyllum
caffrum	24+	TI	R	14-21	26 (-3)
Hibiscus
sabariffa	36	TD	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Hovenia
dulcis	24+	TD	SC/MC	14-30	-10 (-23)
Inga
paterno	6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Litchi
chinensis	1	WTM	WMS	16-30	28 (-2)
Macadamia
integrifolia	24	TI	SK	14-30	24 (-4)
tetraphylla	24	TO	SK	14-30	24 (-4)
Malphigia
glabra	6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Mammea
americana	2-4	WTM	SK/WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
Mangiferum
indica	2	WTM	R/SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Manilkara
zapota	24	TD	SK	15-30	28 (-2)
Melicoccus
bijugatus	3	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Morus
alba	24+	TI	SC/ST	14-21	-20 (-29)
nigra	24+	TI	SC/ST	14-21	0 (-18)
rubra	24+	TI	SC/ST	14-21	-10 (-13)
Muntingia
calibura	12+	TI	SK/WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
Musa
balbisiana	12	TI	SK/WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
Myrciaria
cauliflora	6	TI	SK	14-21	24 (-4)
Myrtus
communis	24+	TD	MC	14-21	25 (-4)
Passiflora
alata	3-6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
edulis	3-6	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
laurifolia	3-6	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
ligularis	3-6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
molissima	3-6	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
quadrangularis	3-6	TI	SK	14-21	32 (0)
Persea
americana 4 WTM WMS 14-21 22-28 (-6, -2)
Pistachia
vera	2-3	TI	R/SK	14-21	10 (-12)
Pometia
pinnata	6	WTM	WMS	14-21	28 (-2)
Poncirus
trifoliata	12-24	TI	SK	14-21	0 (-18)
Pouteria
campechiana	6	WTM	WMS	14-21	30 (-1)
sapota	6	WTM	WMS	14-21	30 (-1)
viride	6	WTM	WMS	14-21	30 (-1)
Prunus
salicifolia	24	TI	SK	14-21	20 (-7)
Psidium
cattleianum	12+	TI	SK	14-21	25 (-4)
guajava	12	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Punica
granatum	36	TI	MC	14-30	12 (-11)
Rhodomyrtus
tomentosa	12	TI	SK	14-21	26 (-3)
Ribes
hirtellum 48+ TD MC 30 -30 (-35
nigrum	48+	TD	MC	30	-30 (-35)
rubrum	48+	TD	MC	30	-30 (-35)
sativum	48+	TD	MC	30	-30 (-35)
uva-crispa 48+ TD MC 30 -30 (-35)
Rollinia
deliciosa	--	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Sambucus
caerulea	24+	TI	SC/MC	30	-20 (-28)
canadensis	24+	TI	SC/MC	30	-20 (-28)
racemosa	24+	TI	SC/MC	30	-20 (-28)
Sandoricum
koetjape	36	TD	SK	14-21	26 (-3)
Shepherdia
argentea	42+	TD	SC/MC	30-60	-20 (-28)
Simmondsia
chinensis	12+	TD	SK	5-7 (78&176; F, 26&176; C)	15 (-10)
Solanum
quitoense	24	TD	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
topiru	24	TD	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Sorbus
aucuparia	24	TD	MC	10-30	-20 (-28)
domestica	24	TD	MC	10-30	-10 (-23)
terminalis	24	TD	MC	10-30	-10 (-23)
Synsepalum
dulcificum	1	WTM	WMS	7-21	30 (-1)
Syzygium
aromaticum	2-6	TI	SK	14-21	32 (0)
cumini	2-6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
jamabos	2-6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
malaccense	2-6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
paniculatum	2-6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Tamarindus
indica	6	TI	SK	14-21	28 (-2)
Theobroma
cacao	1	WTM	SK	7-14 (80&176; F, 27&176; C)	30 (-1)
Ugni
molinae	24+	TI	SK	14-21	10 (-12)
Vaccinium
angustifolium	120	TI	MC	30	-20 (-28)
ashei	120	TI	MC	30	-10 (-23)
corymbosum	120	TI	MC	30	-20 (-28)
Vitis
labrusca	24+	CM	MC	20-30	-20 (-28)
rotundifolia	24+	CM	MC	20-30	-5 (-21)
vinifera	24+	CM	MC	20-30	-5 (-21)
Ziziphus
jujuba	12-24	TD	R/SK	14-21	-20 (-28)
mauritiana	12-24	TD	R/SK	14-21	20 (-7)